AgricultureID

State · IN-UP

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh occupies the central Indo-Gangetic plain, with a hot dry summer, a July–September monsoon, and a cool winter. The drier west grades toward semi-arid conditions, while the east and the terai are more humid and subtropical.

Major crop systems

  • Rice–wheat rotation on the Gangetic alluvium
  • Sugarcane — a leading producing state in India
  • Pulses and gram
  • Potatoes
  • Maize and millets

Major livestock systems

  • Dairy (buffalo and cattle) — India’s leading milk-producing state
  • Backyard and commercial poultry
  • Goats

Agricultural land: A very large share of the state is fertile alluvial cropland farmed intensively by smallholders, with widespread double-cropping across the kharif (monsoon) and rabi (winter) seasons. Irrigation: Cropping relies on canal and extensive tubewell irrigation across the Ganga–Yamuna plain, supplemented by monsoon rainfall.

Agroecological zones: Cwa (Dry-winter humid subtropical), BSh (Hot semi-arid (steppe))

Documented crops & livestock

Official institutions

  • Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) — National agricultural research system coordinating research and variety development.
  • Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur — A state agricultural university serving Uttar Pradesh.
  • Department of Agriculture, Government of Uttar Pradesh — State authority for agricultural administration and statistics.

Data coverage & limitations

Descriptive profile; subnational agricultural statistics for Uttar Pradesh are published by ICAR, the state agricultural universities, and the state Department of Agriculture (with national aggregates by FAO) and are not reproduced numerically here.

  • Administrative boundaries and the region code follow the official ISO 3166-2 system; this profile does not redraw them.
  • Any agricultural statistics are dated and source-specific; where an official figure is not reproduced here, consult ICAR and the state Department of Agriculture directly.
  • Descriptions of production leadership (e.g. sugarcane and milk) are qualitative; ranking depends on the year and reporting source.

Sources

This article draws on the following authoritative sources. See our sources & methodology for how they are selected.

  1. [1]ICAR — national agricultural research system of India (opens in a new tab)

    Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

    High

    Cited for: Crop and livestock systems context

    Type:
    Research institute
    Jurisdiction:
    India
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12
  2. [2]FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization (opens in a new tab)

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Authoritative

    Cited for: National agricultural context

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12