AgricultureID

Country agriculture profile · East Asia & Pacific

Indonesia

Indonesia is a vast tropical archipelago where smallholder farming and large plantation estates coexist across thousands of islands. It is one of the world’s largest rice producers — rice being the dominant staple — and a leading global producer and exporter of palm oil, alongside significant coffee, cocoa, rubber, and coconut. Systems range from intensive irrigated rice on Java’s fertile volcanic soils to extensive tree-crop cultivation on the outer islands.

Stable overview + dated statisticsUpdated: 2026-07-12

Farming systems (stable overview)

Climate zones

  • Tropical rainforest (equatorial, humid)
  • Tropical monsoon

Agroecological zones

  • Intensive lowland wet-rice zones, especially volcanic-soil Java
  • Tree-crop plantation belts of Sumatra and Kalimantan
  • Upland smallholder mixed-farming areas

Dominant crop systems

  • Irrigated and rainfed lowland rice (sawah), concentrated on Java
  • Smallholder and estate oil palm across Sumatra and Kalimantan
  • Smallholder tree crops — coffee, cocoa, rubber, and coconut
  • Upland maize and cassava

Major livestock systems

  • Smallholder mixed cattle and small ruminants (goats and sheep)
  • Rapidly expanding commercial poultry (broilers and layers)
  • Backyard pigs in non-Muslim-majority regions

Irrigation: Extensive gravity and technical irrigation supports intensive lowland rice, especially on Java, though many systems face aging infrastructure and competing water demand.

Latest verified data

Each value is the most recent available observation, shown with its own year and unit. Figures are periodically revised — treat them as dated, sourced statistics, not evergreen facts.

Latest available agricultural indicators, with year and unit
IndicatorValueUnitYear
Agricultural land29.13% of land area2023
Arable land9.4% of land area2023
Cereal yield5,828.8kg per hectare2023
Cereal production73,966,646metric tons2023
Crop production index111.41index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
Food production index117.14index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
Agriculture value added12.61% of GDP2024
Employment in agriculture(est.)27.96% of total employment2024

Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12

Commodity market data

5,503 official observations across 57 commodities. Figures are shown on each commodity page with the unit, status and release its source published.

Commodities with official market series for this country
CommodityMetrics recorded
AlmondsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
AvocadosArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
BananasArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Barley GrainExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Black PeppercornsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Buckwheat GrainImports, Import value
Cashew NutsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cassava RootsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price
ChickpeasExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cocoa BeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cotton LintProduction, Beginning stocks, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Index value, Export value, Import value
CottonseedProduction, Domestic use, Exports, Index value, Export value, Imports, Import value
CowpeasImports, Import value
CucumbersArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
DatesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dried ChilliesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dried Tobacco LeafArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry BeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry Bulb OnionsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry PeasExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Flax FibreImports, Import value
FlaxseedExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh ApplesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh OrangesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh PineapplesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh StrawberriesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh SweetcornArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value
Fresh TomatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Green CoffeeArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
GroundnutsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Index value, Producer price, Export value, Import value
Head CabbageArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Hen EggsProduction, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Jute FibreExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
LentilsImports, Import value
Maize GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Feed use, Imports, Index value, Producer price, Export value, Import value
Milled RiceBeginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Export value, Import value
Millet GrainExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Oat GrainImports, Import value
PistachiosExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
RapeseedExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Raw Cow MilkProduction, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Raw WoolProduction, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Rice PaddyArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Rye GrainImports, Import value
Sesame SeedExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sorghum GrainImports, Import value
SoybeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Index value, Producer price, Export value, Import value
Sugar BeetExports, Export value, Imports
SugarcaneArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value
Sunflower SeedExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sweet PotatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Tea LeafArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Vanilla BeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
WalnutsExports, Export value
Ware PotatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Wheat GrainBeginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Feed use, Imports, Index value, Export value, Import value
YamsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value

How these figures are recorded

Cereal yield over time

201220182023
Indonesia — Cereal yield (kg per hectare). Bars start at zero.
Show data table
Indonesia — Cereal yield in kg per hectare by year
Yearkg per hectare
20125,086.8
20135,087
20145,099.1
20155,313.8
20165,158.7
20175,138.4
20185,227.8
20195,351.2
20205,461.8
20215,695.7
20225,833.8
20235,828.8

Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12

Derived indicator

Arable land as a share of agricultural land: 32.3 % of agricultural land (2023)

Derived value — formula arable-share-of-agricultural-land v1.0.0 (calc v1). Inputs: AG.LND.ARBL.ZS (9.4) ÷ AG.LND.AGRI.ZS (29.1). A derived ratio, not an observed statistic. Sensitive to rounding and to differing revision cycles of the two source series; omit rather than extrapolate when a common year is unavailable.

Documented crops & livestock

Agricultural institutions

  • Ministry of Agriculture (Kementerian Pertanian) — Central government ministry responsible for agricultural policy, extension, and food-crop programs.
  • National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) — National science agency that absorbed the former Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) and now hosts its agricultural research.

Agricultural authorities

Official public bodies verified against government sources. AgricultureID is independent and not affiliated with them.

  • Kementerian Pertanian Republik IndonesiaMinistry

    Indonesia’s national ministry of agriculture, published on the official go.id government domain.

All agricultural authorities

Data coverage & limitations

Covered by the World Bank WDI snapshots for land, production, yield, economy, inputs, and environment indicators.

What AgricultureID has indexed for Indonesia
LayerStatusWhat is held
Agricultural authoritiesCovered1 record
Official registriesNot yet indexed—
Compliance requirementsNot yet indexed—
Support programmesNot yet indexed—
Biosecurity listingsNot yet indexed—
Variety registrationsNot yet indexed—
Input authorisationsNot yet indexed—
Extension resourcesNot yet indexed—
Market statisticsCovered379 records
Soil survey observationsNot yet indexed—
Border requirementsNot yet indexed—
Farm economics figuresNot yet indexed—
Climate, drought and water valuesCovered25 records

This page describes what AgricultureID has indexed, not what exists. A layer shown as not yet indexed means nobody has looked, and never that the thing is absent in that country. How coverage is worked out.

  • Statistics are dated, versioned, and periodically revised; single-year figures should not be read as a fixed baseline.
  • National definitions of agricultural land, holdings, and commodities differ from those used by other countries, limiting direct comparison.
  • National aggregates mask large differences between smallholder and estate production and between islands.
  • Oil-palm expansion is intertwined with land-use and deforestation debates that area statistics alone do not convey.

Sources

This article draws on the following authoritative sources. See our sources & methodology for how they are selected.

  1. [1]World Bank Open Data — World Development Indicators (opens in a new tab)

    World Bank

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Agricultural statistics (WDI)

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12
  2. [2]FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization (opens in a new tab)

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Production, land-use, and commodity context

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12