AgricultureID

Country agriculture profile · Latin America & Caribbean

Colombia

Colombia's tropical, mountainous geography gives it a wide altitudinal range of production, from Caribbean lowlands to cool Andean highlands. Its agriculture is defined by high-quality Arabica coffee grown across the Andean slopes, alongside irrigated sugarcane in the Cauca valley, banana and plantain, rice, oil palm, and a growing cut-flower and tropical-fruit export sector. Extensive cattle ranching occupies large areas of lowland and savanna pasture. Rural land distribution, the legacy of armed conflict in the countryside, and the coexistence of export agribusiness with smallholder farming are enduring features of the sector.

Stable overview + dated statisticsUpdated: 2026-07-12

Farming systems (stable overview)

Climate zones

  • Tropical rainforest
  • Tropical savanna
  • Tropical highland (Andean, by altitude)
  • Arid (Caribbean north)

Agroecological zones

  • Andean coffee belt (temperate mountain slopes)
  • Caribbean lowland plains
  • Cauca and Magdalena river valleys
  • Eastern Llanos savanna
  • Amazon and Pacific forests

Dominant crop systems

  • Shade and sun Arabica coffee on Andean slopes
  • Irrigated sugarcane in the Cauca valley
  • Banana and plantain for export and domestic use
  • Rice, maize, and oil palm in lowland valleys and plains
  • Tropical fruit, cut flowers, and cacao horticulture

Major livestock systems

  • Extensive dual-purpose and beef cattle on lowland and savanna pastures
  • Dairy in the cool Andean highlands
  • Intensive poultry and pig production near urban centres

Irrigation: Abundant rainfall means most Colombian cropping is rainfed, with irrigation concentrated in the Cauca valley sugarcane belt, lowland rice districts, and the drier Caribbean and inter-Andean valleys.

Latest verified data

Each value is the most recent available observation, shown with its own year and unit. Figures are periodically revised — treat them as dated, sourced statistics, not evergreen facts.

Latest available agricultural indicators, with year and unit
IndicatorValueUnitYear
Agricultural land36.49% of land area2023
Arable land2.3% of land area2023
Cereal yield4,422.2kg per hectare2024
Crop production index111.63index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
Food production index110.64index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
Agriculture value added9.5% of GDP2024
Employment in agriculture(est.)14.25% of total employment2024
Forest area52.77% of land area2023

Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12

Commodity market data

5,667 official observations across 54 commodities. Figures are shown on each commodity page with the unit, status and release its source published.

Commodities with official market series for this country
CommodityMetrics recorded
AlmondsImports, Import value
AvocadosArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
BananasArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Barley GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Imports, Index value, Exports, Export value, Import value
Black PeppercornsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cashew NutsArea harvested, Production, Yield
Cassava RootsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price
ChickpeasArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cocoa BeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cotton LintProduction, Beginning stocks, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Index value, Import value
CottonseedProduction, Index value, Imports, Import value
CowpeasExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
CucumbersArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value
DatesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dried ChilliesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dried Tobacco LeafArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry BeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry Bulb OnionsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry PeasArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
FlaxseedExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh ApplesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh OrangesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh PineapplesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh StrawberriesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value
Fresh TomatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value
Green CoffeeArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
GroundnutsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value
Head CabbageArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value
Hen EggsProduction, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Jute FibreExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
LentilsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Maize GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Feed use, Imports, Index value, Producer price, Export value, Import value
Milled RiceBeginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Export value, Import value
Millet GrainImports, Import value
Oat GrainDomestic use, Imports, Index value, Exports, Export value, Import value
Pigeon PeasArea harvested, Production, Yield
PistachiosExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
RapeseedImports, Import value
Raw Cow MilkProduction, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Raw WoolProduction, Index value
Rice PaddyArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Rye GrainImports, Import value
Sesame SeedArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sorghum GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Feed use, Imports, Index value, Exports, Export value, Import value
SoybeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Index value, Export value, Import value
Sugar BeetArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value
SugarcaneArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sunflower SeedDomestic use, Imports, Exports, Export value, Import value
Sweet PotatoesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Tea LeafArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Vanilla BeansImports, Import value
Ware PotatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value
Wheat GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Beginning stocks, Domestic use, Ending stocks, Exports, Feed use, Imports, Index value, Producer price, Export value, Import value
YamsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value

How these figures are recorded

Cereal yield over time

201320192024
Colombia — Cereal yield (kg per hectare). Bars start at zero.
Show data table
Colombia — Cereal yield in kg per hectare by year
Yearkg per hectare
20133,277.8
20143,754.6
20153,893.5
20163,792.5
20173,856
20184,014.2
20194,167
20204,398.6
20214,278.9
20224,397.1
20234,301.2
20244,422.2

Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12

Derived indicator

Arable land as a share of agricultural land: 6.3 % of agricultural land (2023)

Derived value — formula arable-share-of-agricultural-land v1.0.0 (calc v1). Inputs: AG.LND.ARBL.ZS (2.3) ÷ AG.LND.AGRI.ZS (36.5). A derived ratio, not an observed statistic. Sensitive to rounding and to differing revision cycles of the two source series; omit rather than extrapolate when a common year is unavailable.

Documented crops & livestock

Agricultural institutions

  • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MinAgricultura) — National agriculture and rural development authority.
  • Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation (AGROSAVIA) — Principal national agricultural research organisation.
  • Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) — National plant and animal health and sanitary authority.
  • National Federation of Coffee Growers (FNC / Cenicafe) — Coffee-grower federation and its Cenicafe research center.

Agricultural authorities

Official public bodies verified against government sources. AgricultureID is independent and not affiliated with them.

All agricultural authorities

Data coverage & limitations

Covered by the World Bank WDI snapshots for land, production, yield, economy, inputs, and environment indicators.

What AgricultureID has indexed for Colombia
LayerStatusWhat is held
Agricultural authoritiesCovered1 record
Official registriesNot yet indexed—
Compliance requirementsNot yet indexed—
Support programmesNot yet indexed—
Biosecurity listingsNot yet indexed—
Variety registrationsNot yet indexed—
Input authorisationsNot yet indexed—
Extension resourcesNot yet indexed—
Market statisticsCovered392 records
Soil survey observationsNot yet indexed—
Border requirementsNot yet indexed—
Farm economics figuresNot yet indexed—
Climate, drought and water valuesCovered27 records

This page describes what AgricultureID has indexed, not what exists. A layer shown as not yet indexed means nobody has looked, and never that the thing is absent in that country. How coverage is worked out.

  • Statistics are dated, versioned, and periodically revised; always read them with their reference year and dataset version.
  • National definitions of farm, cultivated land, and livestock categories differ from those used elsewhere.
  • Decades of rural conflict have affected land use and the completeness of data collection in some regions.
  • Extensive cattle grazing and dispersed smallholder production complicate land-use accounting.

Sources

This article draws on the following authoritative sources. See our sources & methodology for how they are selected.

  1. [1]World Bank Open Data — World Development Indicators (opens in a new tab)

    World Bank

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Agricultural statistics (WDI)

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12
  2. [2]FAOSTAT — FAO statistical database (opens in a new tab)

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Crop and livestock production statistics

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12
  3. [3]FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization (opens in a new tab)

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Production systems and food-security context

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12