Country agriculture profile · Europe & Central Asia
Czechia
Czechia's agriculture is built on large, highly mechanised arable farms — a structural legacy of twentieth-century collectivisation that left the country with some of the biggest average holdings in the European Union. Winter wheat, spring malting barley, oilseed rape and sugar beet dominate the fertile Bohemian and Moravian lowlands, while the historic Saaz (Žatec) region supplies hops to a deep national brewing tradition. Pig and cattle husbandry complement the cropping, and extensive uplands keep the country heavily forested. An EU member since 2004, its farm sector operates within the Common Agricultural Policy.
Farming systems (stable overview)
Climate zones
- Temperate oceanic-to-continental
- Cooler montane uplands
Agroecological zones
- Bohemian basin
- Moravian lowlands
- Bohemian-Moravian uplands
Dominant crop systems
- Winter wheat and spring malting barley
- Oilseed rape and sugar beet on the lowlands
- Hops in the Saaz (Žatec) region
- Large-scale mechanised arable farms
Major livestock systems
- Pig husbandry
- Dairy and beef cattle
- Poultry
Irrigation: Agriculture is largely rainfed, with modest irrigation reserved for vegetables, orchards, hops, and vineyards in the drier lowlands.
Latest verified data
Each value is the most recent available observation, shown with its own year and unit. Figures are periodically revised — treat them as dated, sourced statistics, not evergreen facts.
| Indicator | Value | Unit | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural land | 45.8 | % of land area | 2023 |
| Arable land | 32.71 | % of land area | 2023 |
| Cereal yield | 6,070.1 | kg per hectare | 2023 |
| Crop production index | 93.98 | index (2014–2016 = 100) | 2022 |
| Livestock production index | 102.33 | index (2014–2016 = 100) | 2022 |
| Agriculture value added | 1.9 | % of GDP | 2024 |
| Forest area | 34.76 | % of land area | 2023 |
| Fertilizer consumption | 113.43 | kg per hectare of arable land | 2023 |
Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12
Cereal yield over time
Show data table
| Year | kg per hectare |
|---|---|
| 2012 | 4,529.5 |
| 2013 | 5,309.3 |
| 2014 | 6,219.8 |
| 2015 | 5,880.6 |
| 2016 | 6,317 |
| 2017 | 5,497.5 |
| 2018 | 5,206.9 |
| 2019 | 5,653.2 |
| 2020 | 6,042.7 |
| 2021 | 6,113 |
| 2022 | 5,929.6 |
| 2023 | 6,070.1 |
Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12
Derived indicator
Arable land as a share of agricultural land: 71.4 % of agricultural land (2023)
Derived value — formula arable-share-of-agricultural-land v1.0.0 (calc v1). Inputs: AG.LND.ARBL.ZS (32.7) ÷ AG.LND.AGRI.ZS (45.8). A derived ratio, not an observed statistic. Sensitive to rounding and to differing revision cycles of the two source series; omit rather than extrapolate when a common year is unavailable.
Documented crops & livestock
Agricultural institutions
- Crop Research Institute (VÚRV) — National public research institute for crop production and plant genetic resources at Prague-Ruzyně.
- Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic — National agricultural policy and CAP implementation authority.
Data coverage & limitations
Covered by the World Bank WDI snapshots for land, production, yield, economy, inputs, and environment indicators.
- Statistics are dated, versioned, and periodically revised, so each figure must be read with its year, unit, and dataset version.
- National definitions, survey methods, and coverage differ between countries, so cross-country comparisons should be made with care.
- Farm structure is dominated by large corporate and cooperative entities, which skews per-holding averages.
- Drought sensitivity of the rainfed lowlands drives year-to-year yield variability.
Sources
This article draws on the following authoritative sources. See our sources & methodology for how they are selected.
- Authoritative
Cited for: Agricultural statistics (WDI)
- Type:
- Intergovernmental organization
- Jurisdiction:
- Global
- Accessed:
- 2026-07-12
- [2]European Commission — Agriculture and rural development (opens in a new tab)Authoritative
European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture
Cited for: EU Common Agricultural Policy context
- Type:
- Government agency
- Jurisdiction:
- European Union
- Accessed:
- 2026-07-12
- [3]FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization (opens in a new tab)Authoritative
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Cited for: Production and food-balance context
- Type:
- Intergovernmental organization
- Jurisdiction:
- Global
- Accessed:
- 2026-07-12