AgricultureID

Country agriculture profile · Europe & Central Asia

Romania

Romania has one of the largest agricultural areas in the European Union, spanning the fertile Danubian and Moldavian plains, the Transylvanian basin, and the Carpathian pastures. Maize and wheat anchor the arable sector alongside sunflower, barley and rapeseed, and the country sustains a deep-rooted viticulture. Its farm structure is strongly dualistic, pairing large commercial operations with a very large number of small, semi-subsistence family holdings. An EU member since 2007, Romania farms under the Common Agricultural Policy, though much of the once-extensive irrigation on the southern plains has fallen into disrepair.

Stable overview + dated statisticsUpdated: 2026-07-12

Farming systems (stable overview)

Climate zones

  • Temperate continental
  • Montane (Carpathians)
  • Semi-arid (southeast / Dobruja)

Agroecological zones

  • Wallachian and Moldavian plains
  • Transylvanian plateau
  • Carpathian mountains
  • Danube Delta

Dominant crop systems

  • Maize and wheat on the Danubian and Moldavian plains
  • Sunflower, barley, and rapeseed
  • Vineyards and orchards
  • Dualistic large-commercial and semi-subsistence farming

Major livestock systems

  • Extensive sheep and goat flocks
  • Cattle for dairy and beef
  • Smallholder pigs and poultry

Irrigation: Extensive irrigation schemes built on the southern plains have partly decayed, leaving much cropping rainfed and exposed to summer drought, with rehabilitation ongoing.

Latest verified data

Each value is the most recent available observation, shown with its own year and unit. Figures are periodically revised — treat them as dated, sourced statistics, not evergreen facts.

Latest available agricultural indicators, with year and unit
IndicatorValueUnitYear
Agricultural land55.26% of land area2023
Arable land36.54% of land area2023
Cereal yield4,020.8kg per hectare2023
Cereal production20,784,510metric tons2023
Crop production index85.41index (2014–2016 = 100)2022
Agriculture value added2.81% of GDP2024
Employment in agriculture(est.)11.26% of total employment2024
Rural population47.83% of total population2024

Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12

Commodity market data

5,789 official observations across 61 commodities. Figures are shown on each commodity page with the unit, status and release its source published.

Commodities with official market series for this country
CommodityMetrics recorded
AlmondsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
AvocadosExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
BananasExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Barley GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Black PeppercornsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Brown RiceExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Buckwheat GrainExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cashew NutsImports, Import value
ChickpeasExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cocoa BeansExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Cotton LintBeginning stocks, Ending stocks, Imports, Index value, Exports, Export value, Import value
CottonseedIndex value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
CowpeasImports, Import value
CucumbersArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
DatesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dried ChilliesIndex value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dried Tobacco LeafArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry BeansIndex value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry Bulb OnionsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Dry PeasArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Flax FibreArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
FlaxseedArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh ApplesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh BlueberriesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh OrangesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh PineapplesExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh StrawberriesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh SweetcornExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Fresh TomatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Green CoffeeExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
GroundnutsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
HazelnutsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Head CabbageArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Hemp FibreArea harvested, Production, Yield, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Hen EggsProduction, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Jute FibreExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
LentilsExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Maize GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Milled RiceExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Millet GrainIndex value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Oat GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
PistachiosExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
RapeseedArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Raw Cow MilkProduction, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Raw WoolIndex value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Rice PaddyArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Rye GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Safflower SeedImports, Import value
Sesame SeedExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sorghum GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
SoybeansArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sugar BeetArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
SugarcaneImports, Import value
Sunflower SeedArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Sweet PotatoesImports, Import value
Tea LeafExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Triticale GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Vanilla BeansExports, Export value, Imports, Import value
WalnutsArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Ware PotatoesArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value
Wheat GrainArea harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value

How these figures are recorded

Cereal yield over time

201220182023
Romania — Cereal yield (kg per hectare). Bars start at zero.
Show data table
Romania — Cereal yield in kg per hectare by year
Yearkg per hectare
20122,364.1
20133,863.2
20144,069.2
20153,543.9
20163,971.3
20175,227.7
20185,997.2
20195,457.5
20203,398.6
20215,187.8
20223,634.1
20234,020.8

Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12

Derived indicator

Arable land as a share of agricultural land: 66.1 % of agricultural land (2023)

Derived value — formula arable-share-of-agricultural-land v1.0.0 (calc v1). Inputs: AG.LND.ARBL.ZS (36.5) ÷ AG.LND.AGRI.ZS (55.3). A derived ratio, not an observed statistic. Sensitive to rounding and to differing revision cycles of the two source series; omit rather than extrapolate when a common year is unavailable.

Documented crops & livestock

Agricultural institutions

  • Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences "Gheorghe Ionescu-Șișești" (ASAS) — Coordinates national agricultural and forestry research institutes.
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development — National agricultural policy and CAP implementation authority.

Data coverage & limitations

Covered by the World Bank WDI snapshots for land, production, yield, economy, inputs, and environment indicators.

What AgricultureID has indexed for Romania
LayerStatusWhat is held
Agricultural authoritiesNot yet indexed—
Official registriesNot yet indexed—
Compliance requirementsNot yet indexed—
Support programmesNot yet indexed—
Biosecurity listingsNot yet indexed—
Variety registrationsNot yet indexed—
Input authorisationsNot yet indexed—
Extension resourcesNot yet indexed—
Market statisticsCovered391 records
Soil survey observationsNot yet indexed—
Border requirementsNot yet indexed—
Farm economics figuresCovered1,102 records
Climate, drought and water valuesCovered73 records

This page describes what AgricultureID has indexed, not what exists. A layer shown as not yet indexed means nobody has looked, and never that the thing is absent in that country. How coverage is worked out.

  • Statistics are dated, versioned, and periodically revised, so each figure must be read with its year, unit, and dataset version.
  • National definitions, survey methods, and coverage differ between countries, so cross-country comparisons should be made with care.
  • A very large number of small, semi-subsistence farms produce substantial own-consumption output that is hard to capture in official statistics.
  • Degraded irrigation infrastructure raises exposure to summer drought.

Sources

This article draws on the following authoritative sources. See our sources & methodology for how they are selected.

  1. [1]World Bank Open Data — World Development Indicators (opens in a new tab)

    World Bank

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Agricultural statistics (WDI)

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12
  2. [2]European Commission — Agriculture and rural development (opens in a new tab)

    European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture

    Authoritative

    Cited for: EU Common Agricultural Policy context

    Type:
    Government agency
    Jurisdiction:
    European Union
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12
  3. [3]FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization (opens in a new tab)

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Authoritative

    Cited for: Production and food-balance context

    Type:
    Intergovernmental organization
    Jurisdiction:
    Global
    Accessed:
    2026-07-12