Country agriculture profile · Europe & Central Asia
Portugal
Portugal's agriculture is quintessentially Mediterranean across the centre and south and Atlantic in the north. Olive groves, vineyards — including the terraced Douro that yields port — cork-oak montado, and expanding almond and horticultural plantations define the drier interior, while processing tomatoes and Algarve citrus feed a strong export trade. The humid north is a land of small mixed and dairy holdings, and the Atlantic islands of the Azores and Madeira add pasture-based dairy and subtropical crops. An EU member since 1986, Portugal farms under the Common Agricultural Policy, with water availability the defining constraint of the south.
Farming systems (stable overview)
Climate zones
- Mediterranean
- Atlantic temperate (north)
- Subtropical Atlantic (Azores and Madeira)
Agroecological zones
- Northern minifundio smallholdings
- Alentejo montado and plains
- Douro terraces
- Atlantic islands
Dominant crop systems
- Olive groves and vineyards
- Cork-oak montado agro-silvo-pasture
- Almonds and irrigated horticulture in the Alentejo
- Processing tomato and Algarve citrus
- Maize and rice in irrigated valleys
Major livestock systems
- Extensive beef cattle, sheep, and goats
- Montado-raised Iberian (Alentejo) pigs
- Dairy in the Atlantic north and the Azores
Irrigation: Irrigation is expanding in the dry south, anchored by the large Alqueva reservoir in the Alentejo, while the humid north remains largely rainfed.
Latest verified data
Each value is the most recent available observation, shown with its own year and unit. Figures are periodically revised — treat them as dated, sourced statistics, not evergreen facts.
| Indicator | Value | Unit | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural land | 43.34 | % of land area | 2023 |
| Arable land | 10.12 | % of land area | 2023 |
| Irrigated agricultural land | 14.74 | % of agricultural land | 2023 |
| Crop production index | 113.88 | index (2014–2016 = 100) | 2022 |
| Food production index | 110.34 | index (2014–2016 = 100) | 2022 |
| Agriculture value added | 2.02 | % of GDP | 2024 |
| Employment in agriculture(est.) | 2.86 | % of total employment | 2024 |
| Forest area | 36.15 | % of land area | 2023 |
Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12
Commodity market data
5,943 official observations across 62 commodities. Figures are shown on each commodity page with the unit, status and release its source published.
| Commodity | Metrics recorded |
|---|---|
| Almonds | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Avocados | Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Bananas | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Barley Grain | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Black Peppercorns | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Buckwheat Grain | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Cashew Nuts | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Chickpeas | Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Cocoa Beans | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Cotton Lint | Beginning stocks, Ending stocks, Exports, Imports, Export value, Import value |
| Cottonseed | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Cowpeas | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Cucumbers | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Dates | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Dried Chillies | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Dried Tobacco Leaf | Area harvested, Production, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Dry Beans | Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Dry Bulb Onions | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Dry Peas | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Flax Fibre | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Flaxseed | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Apples | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Blueberries | Production, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Oranges | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Pineapples | Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Strawberries | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Sweetcorn | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Fresh Tomatoes | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Green Coffee | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Groundnuts | Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Hazelnuts | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Head Cabbage | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Hemp Fibre | Imports, Import value |
| Hen Eggs | Production, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Jute Fibre | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Lentils | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Maize Grain | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Milled Rice | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Millet Grain | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Oat Grain | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Pigeon Peas | Imports, Import value |
| Pistachios | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Rapeseed | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Raw Cow Milk | Production, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Raw Wool | Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Rice Paddy | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Rye Grain | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Safflower Seed | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Sesame Seed | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Sorghum Grain | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Soybeans | Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Sugar Beet | Area harvested, Production, Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Sugarcane | Index value, Producer price, Imports, Import value |
| Sunflower Seed | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Sweet Potatoes | Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Tea Leaf | Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Triticale Grain | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Vanilla Beans | Index value, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Walnuts | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Ware Potatoes | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Wheat Grain | Area harvested, Production, Yield, Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
| Yams | Index value, Producer price, Exports, Export value, Imports, Import value |
Cereal yield over time
Show data table
| Year | kg per hectare |
|---|---|
| 2013 | 4,336.4 |
| 2014 | 4,416 |
| 2015 | 4,606.9 |
| 2016 | 4,422.4 |
| 2017 | 4,759.7 |
| 2018 | 4,809 |
| 2019 | 5,176.5 |
| 2020 | 4,881.3 |
| 2021 | 5,379.7 |
| 2022 | 5,137.4 |
| 2023 | 5,520.7 |
| 2024 | 5,308.8 |
Source: World Bank Open Data (World Development Indicators) (opens in a new tab) · dataset version 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-07-12
Derived indicator
Arable land as a share of agricultural land: 23.4 % of agricultural land (2023)
Derived value — formula arable-share-of-agricultural-land v1.0.0 (calc v1). Inputs: AG.LND.ARBL.ZS (10.1) ÷ AG.LND.AGRI.ZS (43.3). A derived ratio, not an observed statistic. Sensitive to rounding and to differing revision cycles of the two source series; omit rather than extrapolate when a common year is unavailable.
Documented crops & livestock
Agricultural institutions
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV) — State agricultural, food, and veterinary research institute.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries — National agricultural policy and CAP implementation authority.
Data coverage & limitations
Covered by the World Bank WDI snapshots for land, production, yield, economy, inputs, and environment indicators.
| Layer | Status | What is held |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural authorities | Not yet indexed | — |
| Official registries | Not yet indexed | — |
| Compliance requirements | Not yet indexed | — |
| Support programmes | Not yet indexed | — |
| Biosecurity listings | Not yet indexed | — |
| Variety registrations | Covered | 4 records |
| Input authorisations | Not yet indexed | — |
| Extension resources | Not yet indexed | — |
| Market statistics | Covered | 405 records |
| Soil survey observations | Not yet indexed | — |
| Border requirements | Not yet indexed | — |
| Farm economics figures | Covered | 1,114 records |
| Climate, drought and water values | Covered | 44 records |
This page describes what AgricultureID has indexed, not what exists. A layer shown as not yet indexed means nobody has looked, and never that the thing is absent in that country. How coverage is worked out.
- Statistics are dated, versioned, and periodically revised, so each figure must be read with its year, unit, and dataset version.
- National definitions, survey methods, and coverage differ between countries, so cross-country comparisons should be made with care.
- Strong dualism between northern smallholdings and southern estates, plus the distinct Azores and Madeira island regions, limits the meaning of national averages.
Sources
This article draws on the following authoritative sources. See our sources & methodology for how they are selected.
- Authoritative
Cited for: Agricultural statistics (WDI)
- Type:
- Intergovernmental organization
- Jurisdiction:
- Global
- Accessed:
- 2026-07-12
- [2]European Commission — Agriculture and rural development (opens in a new tab)Authoritative
European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture
Cited for: EU Common Agricultural Policy context
- Type:
- Government agency
- Jurisdiction:
- European Union
- Accessed:
- 2026-07-12
- [3]FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization (opens in a new tab)Authoritative
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Cited for: Production and food-balance context
- Type:
- Intergovernmental organization
- Jurisdiction:
- Global
- Accessed:
- 2026-07-12