Verified Crop Taxa

What plant each crop actually is, according to the botanical authorities — and where they disagree.

A common name is not an identity. “Yam” is several Dioscorea species with different agronomy, and in parts of North America it is a sweet potato, which is a different plant in a different family. “Millet” covers grasses from at least four genera. Matching on a name alone gets those wrong.

Every name below was resolved against two independent authorities — World Flora Online and Kew’s Plants of the World Online. Where they agreed, the name is published. Where they disagreed, both readings are shown and the difference is stated.

Botanical identity here is what the consulted taxonomic authorities publish, on the date they were read. Where authorities disagree, both readings are shown rather than one being chosen silently.

Verified taxa: 350
Botanical families: 74
Genera: 213
Authorities differ: 11

Vegetables87

Verified taxa in Vegetables
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Ají pepper	Capsicum baccatum	Solanaceae	fruit
Asparagus	Asparagus officinalis	Asparagaceae	stem
Basil	Ocimum basilicum	Lamiaceae	leaf
Beetroot	Beta vulgaris Conditiva Group	Amaranthaceae	root
Bitter gourd	Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Bottle gourd	Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Broccoli	Brassica oleracea Italica Group	Brassicaceae	inflorescence
Brussels sprouts	Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group	Brassicaceae	bulb
Butternut squash	Cucurbita moschata	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Cabbage	Brassica oleracea Capitata Group	Brassicaceae	leaf
Carrot	Daucus carota subsp. sativus	Apiaceae	root
Cauliflower	Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group	Brassicaceae	inflorescence
Celeriac	Apium graveolens Rapaceum Group	Apiaceae	root
Celery	Apium graveolens	Apiaceae	stalk, leaf
Chayote	Sicyos edulis	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Chicory	Cichorium intybus	Asteraceae	leaf, root
Chili pepper	Capsicum annuum Longum Group	Solanaceae	fruit
Chinese cabbage	Brassica rapa Pekinensis Group	Brassicaceae	leaf
Chives	Allium schoenoprasum	Amaryllidaceae	leaf
Common bean	Phaseolus vulgaris	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Corn saladauthorities differ	Valeriana locusta	Caprifoliaceae	leaf
Cucumber	Cucumis sativus	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Cushaw squash	Cucurbita argyrosperma	Cucurbitaceae	fruit, seed
Daikon	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus Longipinnatus Group	Brassicaceae	root
Eggplant	Solanum melongena	Solanaceae	fruit
Endive	Cichorium endivia	Asteraceae	leaf
Ethiopian mustard	Mutarda carinata	Brassicaceae	oilseed, leaf
Fennel	Foeniculum vulgare	Apiaceae	bulb, seed, leaf
Fig-leaf gourd	Cucurbita ficifolia	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Garden cress	Lepidium sativum	Brassicaceae	leaf
Garlic	Allium sativum	Amaryllidaceae	bulb
Garlic chives	Allium tuberosum	Amaryllidaceae	leaf
Gboma eggplant	Solanum macrocarpon	Solanaceae	fruit, leaf
Globe artichoke	Cynara cardunculus	Asteraceae	inflorescence
Grain amaranth	Amaranthus cruentus	Amaranthaceae	grain, leaf
Habanero pepper	Capsicum chinense	Solanaceae	fruit
Jerusalem artichoke	Helianthus tuberosus	Asteraceae	tuber
Jicama	Pachyrhizus erosus	Fabaceae	root
Jute mallow	Corchorus olitorius	Malvaceae	leaf, fibre
Kale	Brassica oleracea Acephala Group	Brassicaceae	leaf
Kohlrabi	Brassica oleracea Gongylodes Group	Brassicaceae	stem
Leek	Allium ampeloprasum	Amaryllidaceae	stem, leaf
Lettuce	Lactuca sativa	Asteraceae	leaf
Lima bean	Phaseolus lunatus	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Malabar spinach	Basella alba	Basellaceae	leaf
Melon	Cucumis melo	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Okra	Abelmoschus esculentus	Malvaceae	pod
Onion	Allium cepa	Amaryllidaceae	bulb
Pak choi	Brassica rapa Chinensis Group	Brassicaceae	leaf
Parsley	Petroselinum crispum	Apiaceae	leaf
Parsnip	Pastinaca sativa	Apiaceae	root
Pea	Lathyrus oleraceus	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Potato	Solanum tuberosum	Solanaceae	tuber
Pumpkin	Cucurbita	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Purslane	Portulaca oleracea	Portulacaceae	leaf, stem
Radish	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus	Brassicaceae	root
Rakkyo	Allium chinense	Amaryllidaceae	bulb
Rhubarb	Rheum rhabarbarum	Polygonaceae	stalk
Ridge gourd	Luffa acutangula	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Rocket	Eruca vesicaria	Brassicaceae	leaf
Rocoto pepper	Capsicum pubescens	Solanaceae	fruit
Runner bean	Phaseolus coccineus	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Scarlet eggplant	Solanum aethiopicum	Solanaceae	fruit, leaf
Snake gourd	Trichosanthes cucumerina	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Spinach	Spinacia oleracea	Amaranthaceae	leaf
Spine gourd	Momordica dioica	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Spleen amaranth	Amaranthus dubius	Amaranthaceae	leaf
Swede	Brassica napus Napobrassica Group	Brassicaceae	root
Sweet pepper	Capsicum annuum Grossum Group	Solanaceae	fruit
Sweetcorn	Zea mays Saccharata Group	Poaceae	grain
Swiss chard	Beta vulgaris Cicla Group	Amaranthaceae	leaf, stalk
Tabasco pepper	Capsicum frutescens	Solanaceae	fruit
Tannia	Xanthosoma sagittifolium	Araceae	corm, leaf
Taro	Colocasia esculenta	Araceae	corm, leaf
Tomatillo	Physalis philadelphica	Solanaceae	fruit
Tomato	Solanum lycopersicum	Solanaceae	fruit
Turnip	Brassica rapa Rapifera Group	Brassicaceae	root, leaf
Water spinach	Ipomoea aquatica	Convolvulaceae	leaf, stem
Watercress	Nasturtium officinale	Brassicaceae	leaf
Waterleaf	Talinum fruticosum	Talinaceae	leaf
Watermelon	Citrullus lanatus	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Wax gourd	Benincasa hispida	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Welsh onion	Allium fistulosum	Amaryllidaceae	leaf, bulb
Winged bean	Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	Fabaceae	pod, seed, tuber
Winter squash	Cucurbita maxima	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Yardlong bean	Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis	Fabaceae	pod
Zucchini	Cucurbita pepo Zucchini Group	Cucurbitaceae	fruit

Fruit80

Verified taxa in Fruit
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
American cranberry	Vaccinium macrocarpon	Ericaceae	berry
Apple	Malus domestica	Rosaceae	fruit
Apricot	Prunus armeniaca	Rosaceae	fruit
Aronia	Aronia melanocarpa	Rosaceae	berry
Asian pear	Pyrus pyrifolia	Rosaceae	fruit
Avocado	Persea americana	Lauraceae	fruit
Balbisiana banana	Musa balbisiana	Musaceae	fruit
Banana	Musa	Musaceae	fruit
Bilberry	Vaccinium myrtillus	Ericaceae	berry
Black mulberry	Morus nigra	Moraceae	fruit
Black raspberry	Rubus occidentalis	Rosaceae	berry
Blackberryauthorities differ	Rubus	Rosaceae	berry
Blackcurrant	Ribes nigrum	Grossulariaceae	berry
Breadfruit	Artocarpus altilis	Moraceae	fruit
Cape gooseberry	Physalis peruviana	Solanaceae	berry
Carambola	Averrhoa carambola	Oxalidaceae	fruit
Cherimoya	Annona cherimola	Annonaceae	fruit
Citron	Citrus medica	Rutaceae	fruit
Date palm	Phoenix dactylifera	Arecaceae	fruit
Dragon fruit	Selenicereus undatus	Cactaceae	fruit
Durian	Durio zibethinus	Malvaceae	fruit
Elderberry	Sambucus nigra	Viburnaceae	berry
European pear	Pyrus communis	Rosaceae	fruit
European plum	Prunus domestica	Rosaceae	fruit
Fig	Ficus carica	Moraceae	fruit
Finger lime	Citrus australasica	Rutaceae	fruit
Fox grape	Vitis labrusca	Vitaceae	berry
Garden strawberryauthorities differ	Fragaria × ananassa	Rosaceae	berry
Golden kiwifruit	Actinidia chinensis	Actinidiaceae	fruit
Gooseberry	Ribes uva-crispa	Grossulariaceae	berry
Grapefruit	Citrus × aurantium Grapefruit Group	Rutaceae	fruit
Grapevine	Vitis vinifera	Vitaceae	berry
Guava	Psidium guajava	Myrtaceae	fruit
Hardy kiwi	Actinidia arguta	Actinidiaceae	berry
Highbush blueberry	Vaccinium corymbosum	Ericaceae	berry
Hog plum	Spondias mombin	Anacardiaceae	fruit
Jackfruit	Artocarpus heterophyllus	Moraceae	fruit
Japanese persimmon	Diospyros kaki	Ebenaceae	fruit
Japanese plum	Prunus salicina	Rosaceae	fruit
Key lime	Citrus × aurantiifolia	Rutaceae	fruit
Kiwifruit	Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa	Actinidiaceae	fruit
Kumquat	Citrus japonica	Rutaceae	fruit
Lemon	Citrus × limon	Rutaceae	fruit
Longan	Dimocarpus longan	Sapindaceae	fruit
Loquat	Eriobotrya japonica	Rosaceae	fruit
Lowbush blueberry	Vaccinium angustifolium	Ericaceae	berry
Lychee	Litchi chinensis	Sapindaceae	fruit
Makrut lime	Citrus hystrix	Rutaceae	fruit, leaf
Malay apple	Syzygium malaccense	Myrtaceae	fruit
Mamey sapote	Pouteria sapota	Sapotaceae	fruit
Mandarin	Citrus × aurantium Mandarin Group	Rutaceae	fruit
Mango	Mangifera indica	Anacardiaceae	fruit
Mangosteen	Garcinia mangostana	Clusiaceae	fruit
Medlar	Crataegus germanica	Rosaceae	fruit
Melon	Cucumis melo	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Mulberry	Morus	Moraceae	fruit
Olive	Olea europaea	Oleaceae	fruit
Papaya	Carica papaya	Caricaceae	fruit
Passion fruit	Passiflora edulis	Passifloraceae	fruit
Peach	Prunus persica	Rosaceae	fruit
Pineapple	Ananas comosus	Bromeliaceae	fruit
Plantain	Musa × paradisiaca	Musaceae	fruit
Pomegranate	Punica granatum	Lythraceae	fruit
Pomelo	Citrus maxima	Rutaceae	fruit
Quince	Cydonia oblonga	Rosaceae	fruit
Rabbiteye blueberryauthorities differ	Vaccinium virgatum	Ericaceae	berry
Rambutan	Nephelium lappaceum	Sapindaceae	fruit
Red raspberry	Rubus idaeus	Rosaceae	berry
Redcurrant	Ribes rubrum	Grossulariaceae	berry
Sapodilla	Manilkara zapota	Sapotaceae	fruit, latex
Sea buckthorn	Hippophae rhamnoides	Elaeagnaceae	berry
Sour cherry	Prunus cerasus	Rosaceae	fruit
Soursop	Annona muricata	Annonaceae	fruit
Sweet cherry	Prunus avium	Rosaceae	fruit
Sweet orange	Citrus × aurantium Sweet Orange Group	Rutaceae	fruit
Tamarillo	Solanum betaceum	Solanaceae	fruit
Tamarind	Tamarindus indica	Fabaceae	pod
Watermelon	Citrullus lanatus	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
White mulberry	Morus alba	Moraceae	fruit, leaf
Wild banana	Musa acuminata	Musaceae	fruit

Spices and herbs45

Verified taxa in Spices and herbs
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Ají pepper	Capsicum baccatum	Solanaceae	fruit
Anise	Pimpinella anisum	Apiaceae	seed
Basil	Ocimum basilicum	Lamiaceae	leaf
Bay laurel	Laurus nobilis	Lauraceae	leaf
Black cumin	Nigella sativa	Ranunculaceae	seed
Black pepper	Piper nigrum	Piperaceae	berry
Brown mustardauthorities differ	Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae	oilseed, seed, leaf
Caper	Capparis spinosa	Capparaceae	flower
Caraway	Carum carvi	Apiaceae	seed
Cassia cinnamon	Cinnamomum aromaticum	Lauraceae	bark
Ceylon cinnamon	Cinnamomum verum	Lauraceae	bark
Chili pepper	Capsicum annuum Longum Group	Solanaceae	fruit
Chives	Allium schoenoprasum	Amaryllidaceae	leaf
Clove	Syzygium aromaticum	Myrtaceae	flower
Coriander	Coriandrum sativum	Apiaceae	leaf, seed
Cumin	Cuminum cyminum	Apiaceae	seed
Dill	Anethum graveolens	Apiaceae	leaf, seed
Fennel	Foeniculum vulgare	Apiaceae	bulb, seed, leaf
Fenugreek	Trigonella foenum-graecum	Fabaceae	seed, leaf
Garlic	Allium sativum	Amaryllidaceae	bulb
Garlic chives	Allium tuberosum	Amaryllidaceae	leaf
German chamomile	Matricaria chamomilla	Asteraceae	flower
Ginger	Zingiber officinale	Zingiberaceae	rhizome
Green cardamom	Elettaria cardamomum	Zingiberaceae	seed, pod
Habanero pepper	Capsicum chinense	Solanaceae	fruit
Horseradish	Armoracia rusticana	Brassicaceae	root
Lavender	Lavandula angustifolia	Lamiaceae	flower
Makrut lime	Citrus hystrix	Rutaceae	fruit, leaf
Nutmeg	Myristica fragrans	Myristicaceae	seed
Oregano	Origanum vulgare	Lamiaceae	leaf
Parsley	Petroselinum crispum	Apiaceae	leaf
Peppermint	Mentha × piperita	Lamiaceae	leaf
Perilla	Perilla frutescens	Lamiaceae	oilseed, leaf
Rocoto pepper	Capsicum pubescens	Solanaceae	fruit
Rosemary	Salvia rosmarinus	Lamiaceae	leaf
Saffron	Crocus sativus	Iridaceae	flower
Sage	Salvia officinalis	Lamiaceae	leaf
Star anise	Illicium verum	Schisandraceae	fruit
Tabasco pepper	Capsicum frutescens	Solanaceae	fruit
Tamarind	Tamarindus indica	Fabaceae	pod
Thyme	Thymus vulgaris	Lamiaceae	leaf
Turmeric	Curcuma longa	Zingiberaceae	rhizome
Vanilla	Vanilla planifolia	Orchidaceae	pod
Wasabi	Eutrema japonicum	Brassicaceae	rhizome
White mustard	Sinapis alba	Brassicaceae	seed, oilseed

Forage and pasture36

Verified taxa in Forage and pasture
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Alfalfa	Medicago sativa	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Berseem clover	Trifolium alexandrinum	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Birdsfoot trefoil	Lotus corniculatus	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Black oat	Avena strigosa	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Cocksfoot	Dactylis glomerata	Poaceae	forage biomass
Common vetch	Vicia sativa	Fabaceae	forage biomass, seed
Crested wheatgrass	Agropyron cristatum	Poaceae	forage biomass
Crimson clover	Trifolium incarnatum	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Fenugreek	Trigonella foenum-graecum	Fabaceae	seed, leaf
Forage peanut	Arachis pintoi	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Greenleaf desmodium	Desmodium intortum	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Guinea grass	Megathyrsus maximus	Poaceae	forage biomass
Hairy vetch	Vicia villosa	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Horse gram	Macrotyloma uniflorum	Fabaceae	seed
Italian ryegrass	Lolium multiflorum	Poaceae	forage biomass
Kale	Brassica oleracea Acephala Group	Brassicaceae	leaf
Kentucky bluegrass	Poa pratensis	Poaceae	forage biomass
Lablab	Lablab purpureus	Fabaceae	seed, pod, forage biomass
Meadow fescue	Lolium pratense	Poaceae	forage biomass
Napier grass	Cenchrus purpureus	Poaceae	forage biomass
Palisade signal grass	Urochloa brizantha	Poaceae	forage biomass
Perennial ryegrass	Lolium perenne	Poaceae	forage biomass
Red clover	Trifolium pratense	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Rhodes grass	Chloris gayana	Poaceae	forage biomass
Rice bean	Vigna umbellata	Fabaceae	seed, forage biomass
Sainfoin	Onobrychis viciifolia	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Smooth brome	Bromus inermis	Poaceae	forage biomass
Stylo	Stylosanthes guianensis	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Swede	Brassica napus Napobrassica Group	Brassicaceae	root
Switchgrass	Panicum virgatum	Poaceae	forage biomass
Tall fescue	Lolium arundinaceum	Poaceae	forage biomass
Timothy	Phleum pratense	Poaceae	forage biomass
Turnip	Brassica rapa Rapifera Group	Brassicaceae	root, leaf
Velvet bean	Mucuna pruriens	Fabaceae	seed, forage biomass
White clover	Trifolium repens	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Yellow sweet clover	Melilotus officinalis	Fabaceae	forage biomass

Roots and tubers33

Verified taxa in Roots and tubers
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Aerial yam	Dioscorea bulbifera	Dioscoreaceae	tuber
Arrowroot	Maranta arundinacea	Marantaceae	rhizome
Beetroot	Beta vulgaris Conditiva Group	Amaranthaceae	root
Breadfruit	Artocarpus altilis	Moraceae	fruit
Carrot	Daucus carota subsp. sativus	Apiaceae	root
Cassava	Manihot esculenta	Euphorbiaceae	root, leaf
Celeriac	Apium graveolens Rapaceum Group	Apiaceae	root
Daikon	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus Longipinnatus Group	Brassicaceae	root
Edible canna	Canna indica	Cannaceae	rhizome
Ginger	Zingiber officinale	Zingiberaceae	rhizome
Hausa potato	Coleus rotundifolius	Lamiaceae	tuber
Horseradish	Armoracia rusticana	Brassicaceae	root
Jerusalem artichoke	Helianthus tuberosus	Asteraceae	tuber
Jicama	Pachyrhizus erosus	Fabaceae	root
Lesser yam	Dioscorea esculenta	Dioscoreaceae	tuber
Mashua	Tropaeolum tuberosum	Tropaeolaceae	tuber
Oca	Oxalis tuberosa	Oxalidaceae	tuber
Parsnip	Pastinaca sativa	Apiaceae	root
Plantain	Musa × paradisiaca	Musaceae	fruit
Potato	Solanum tuberosum	Solanaceae	tuber
Radish	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus	Brassicaceae	root
Sugar beet	Beta vulgaris Altissima Group	Amaranthaceae	root
Swede	Brassica napus Napobrassica Group	Brassicaceae	root
Sweet potato	Ipomoea batatas	Convolvulaceae	tuber, leaf
Tannia	Xanthosoma sagittifolium	Araceae	corm, leaf
Taro	Colocasia esculenta	Araceae	corm, leaf
Turmeric	Curcuma longa	Zingiberaceae	rhizome
Turnip	Brassica rapa Rapifera Group	Brassicaceae	root, leaf
Ulluco	Ullucus tuberosus	Basellaceae	tuber
Water yam	Dioscorea alata	Dioscoreaceae	tuber
White yamauthorities differ	Dioscorea cayenensis subsp. rotundata	Dioscoreaceae	tuber
Yam	Dioscorea	Dioscoreaceae	tuber
Yellow yamauthorities differ	Dioscorea cayenensis	Dioscoreaceae	tuber

Pulses and grain legumes31

Verified taxa in Pulses and grain legumes
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Adzuki bean	Vigna angularis	Fabaceae	seed
Alfalfa	Medicago sativa	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Andean lupin	Lupinus mutabilis	Fabaceae	seed
Bambara groundnut	Vigna subterranea	Fabaceae	seed
Black gram	Vigna mungo	Fabaceae	seed
Chickpea	Cicer arietinum	Fabaceae	seed
Common bean	Phaseolus vulgaris	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Cowpea	Vigna unguiculata	Fabaceae	seed, pod, forage biomass
Faba bean	Vicia faba	Fabaceae	seed
Grass pea	Lathyrus sativus	Fabaceae	seed
Groundnut	Arachis hypogaea	Fabaceae	seed, oilseed
Guar	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Horse gram	Macrotyloma uniflorum	Fabaceae	seed
Jack bean	Canavalia ensiformis	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Lablab	Lablab purpureus	Fabaceae	seed, pod, forage biomass
Lentil	Vicia lens	Fabaceae	seed
Lima bean	Phaseolus lunatus	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Lupin	Lupinus	Fabaceae	seed
Moth bean	Vigna aconitifolia	Fabaceae	seed
Mung bean	Vigna radiata	Fabaceae	seed
Narrow-leafed lupin	Lupinus angustifolius	Fabaceae	seed
Pea	Lathyrus oleraceus	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Pigeon pea	Cajanus cajan	Fabaceae	seed
Rice bean	Vigna umbellata	Fabaceae	seed, forage biomass
Runner bean	Phaseolus coccineus	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Soybean	Glycine max	Fabaceae	seed, oilseed
Tepary bean	Phaseolus acutifolius	Fabaceae	seed
White lupin	Lupinus albus	Fabaceae	seed
Winged bean	Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	Fabaceae	pod, seed, tuber
Yardlong bean	Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis	Fabaceae	pod
Yellow lupin	Lupinus luteus	Fabaceae	seed

Cereals25

Verified taxa in Cereals
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
African rice	Oryza glaberrima	Poaceae	grain
Asian rice	Oryza sativa	Poaceae	grain
Barley	Hordeum vulgare	Poaceae	grain
Barnyard millet	Echinochloa colona subsp. edulis	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Black oat	Avena strigosa	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Common wheat	Triticum aestivum	Poaceae	grain
Durum wheat	Triticum turgidum subsp. durum	Poaceae	grain
Einkorn wheat	Triticum monococcum	Poaceae	grain
Emmer wheatauthorities differ	Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum	Poaceae	grain
Finger millet	Eleusine coracana	Poaceae	grain
Foxtail millet	Setaria italica	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Job's tears	Coix lacryma-jobi	Poaceae	grain
Kodo millet	Paspalum scrobiculatum	Poaceae	grain
Maize	Zea mays	Poaceae	grain
Northern wild rice	Zizania palustris	Poaceae	grain
Oat	Avena sativa	Poaceae	grain
Pearl millet	Cenchrus americanus	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Proso millet	Panicum miliaceum	Poaceae	grain
Rye	Secale cereale	Poaceae	grain
Sorghum	Sorghum bicolor	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Spelt	Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta	Poaceae	grain
Sweetcorn	Zea mays Saccharata Group	Poaceae	grain
Teff	Eragrostis tef	Poaceae	grain
Triticaleauthorities differ	×Triticosecale	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
White fonio	Digitaria exilis	Poaceae	grain

Oilseeds23

Verified taxa in Oilseeds
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Andean lupin	Lupinus mutabilis	Fabaceae	seed
Brown mustardauthorities differ	Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae	oilseed, seed, leaf
Camelina	Camelina sativa	Brassicaceae	oilseed
Castor bean	Ricinus communis	Euphorbiaceae	oilseed
Chia	Salvia hispanica	Lamiaceae	seed, oilseed
Coconut	Cocos nucifera	Arecaceae	fruit, seed
Ethiopian mustard	Mutarda carinata	Brassicaceae	oilseed, leaf
Flax	Linum usitatissimum	Linaceae	fibre, oilseed
Groundnut	Arachis hypogaea	Fabaceae	seed, oilseed
Hemp	Cannabis sativa	Cannabaceae	fibre, seed
Jatropha	Jatropha curcas	Euphorbiaceae	oilseed
Jojoba	Simmondsia chinensis	Simmondsiaceae	seed
Niger seed	Guizotia abyssinica	Asteraceae	oilseed
Oil palm	Elaeis guineensis	Arecaceae	fruit, oilseed
Oilseed rape	Brassica napus	Brassicaceae	oilseed
Olive	Olea europaea	Oleaceae	fruit
Perilla	Perilla frutescens	Lamiaceae	oilseed, leaf
Safflower	Carthamus tinctorius	Asteraceae	oilseed, flower
Sesame	Sesamum indicum	Pedaliaceae	oilseed
Soybean	Glycine max	Fabaceae	seed, oilseed
Sunflower	Helianthus annuus	Asteraceae	oilseed
Turnip rapeauthorities differ	Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera	Brassicaceae	oilseed
White mustard	Sinapis alba	Brassicaceae	seed, oilseed

Industrial crops23

Verified taxa in Industrial crops
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Aloe vera	Aloe vera	Asphodelaceae	leaf
Arrowroot	Maranta arundinacea	Marantaceae	rhizome
Bottle gourd	Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae	fruit
Castor bean	Ricinus communis	Euphorbiaceae	oilseed
Chicory	Cichorium intybus	Asteraceae	leaf, root
Edible canna	Canna indica	Cannaceae	rhizome
German chamomile	Matricaria chamomilla	Asteraceae	flower
Giant miscanthus	Miscanthus × longiberbis	Poaceae	forage biomass
Giant reed	Arundo donax	Poaceae	forage biomass
Guar	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Hemp	Cannabis sativa	Cannabaceae	fibre, seed
Hops	Humulus lupulus	Cannabaceae	inflorescence
Jatropha	Jatropha curcas	Euphorbiaceae	oilseed
Jojoba	Simmondsia chinensis	Simmondsiaceae	seed
Kenaf	Sabdariffa cannabina	Malvaceae	fibre
Kola nut	Cola nitida	Malvaceae	seed
Lavender	Lavandula angustifolia	Lamiaceae	flower
Napier grass	Cenchrus purpureus	Poaceae	forage biomass
Peppermint	Mentha × piperita	Lamiaceae	leaf
Rubber tree	Hevea brasiliensis	Euphorbiaceae	latex
Stevia	Stevia rebaudiana	Asteraceae	leaf
Switchgrass	Panicum virgatum	Poaceae	forage biomass
Tobacco	Nicotiana tabacum	Solanaceae	leaf

Cover crops18

Verified taxa in Cover crops
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Berseem clover	Trifolium alexandrinum	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Black oat	Avena strigosa	Poaceae	grain, forage biomass
Camelina	Camelina sativa	Brassicaceae	oilseed
Common vetch	Vicia sativa	Fabaceae	forage biomass, seed
Crimson clover	Trifolium incarnatum	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Daikon	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus Longipinnatus Group	Brassicaceae	root
Forage peanut	Arachis pintoi	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Greenleaf desmodium	Desmodium intortum	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Hairy vetch	Vicia villosa	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Italian ryegrass	Lolium multiflorum	Poaceae	forage biomass
Jack bean	Canavalia ensiformis	Fabaceae	seed, pod
Phaceliaauthorities differ	Phacelia tanacetifolia	Boraginaceae	forage biomass
Red clover	Trifolium pratense	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Stylo	Stylosanthes guianensis	Fabaceae	forage biomass
Velvet bean	Mucuna pruriens	Fabaceae	seed, forage biomass
White clover	Trifolium repens	Fabaceae	forage biomass
White mustard	Sinapis alba	Brassicaceae	seed, oilseed
Yellow sweet clover	Melilotus officinalis	Fabaceae	forage biomass

Fibre crops15

Verified taxa in Fibre crops
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Abaca	Musa textilis	Musaceae	fibre
Cotton	Gossypium	Malvaceae	fibre, oilseed
Extra-long staple cotton	Gossypium barbadense	Malvaceae	fibre, oilseed
Flax	Linum usitatissimum	Linaceae	fibre, oilseed
Hemp	Cannabis sativa	Cannabaceae	fibre, seed
Jute	Corchorus	Malvaceae	fibre
Jute mallow	Corchorus olitorius	Malvaceae	leaf, fibre
Kapok	Ceiba pentandra	Malvaceae	fibre, seed
Kenaf	Sabdariffa cannabina	Malvaceae	fibre
Levant cotton	Gossypium herbaceum	Malvaceae	fibre
Ramie	Boehmeria nivea	Urticaceae	fibre
Sisal	Agave sisalana	Asparagaceae	fibre
Tree cotton	Gossypium arboreum	Malvaceae	fibre
Upland cotton	Gossypium hirsutum	Malvaceae	fibre, oilseed
White jute	Corchorus capsularis	Malvaceae	fibre

Nuts14

Verified taxa in Nuts
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Almond	Prunus amygdalus	Rosaceae	seed
Black walnut	Juglans nigra	Juglandaceae	seed
Brazil nut	Bertholletia excelsa	Lecythidaceae	seed
Cashew	Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	seed, fruit
Coconut	Cocos nucifera	Arecaceae	fruit, seed
Hazelnut	Corylus avellana	Betulaceae	seed
Macadamia	Macadamia	Proteaceae	seed
Pecan	Carya illinoinensis	Juglandaceae	seed
Persian walnut	Juglans regia	Juglandaceae	seed
Pistachio	Pistacia vera	Anacardiaceae	seed
Rough-shell macadamia	Macadamia tetraphylla	Proteaceae	seed
Smooth-shell macadamia	Macadamia integrifolia	Proteaceae	seed
Stone pine	Pinus pinea	Pinaceae	seed
Sweet chestnut	Castanea sativa	Fagaceae	seed

Beverage crops9

Verified taxa in Beverage crops
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Arabica coffee	Coffea arabica	Rubiaceae	seed
Cacao	Theobroma cacao	Malvaceae	seed
Coffee	Coffea	Rubiaceae	seed
Hops	Humulus lupulus	Cannabaceae	inflorescence
Kola nut	Cola nitida	Malvaceae	seed
Liberica coffee	Coffea liberica	Rubiaceae	seed
Robusta coffee	Coffea canephora	Rubiaceae	seed
Tea	Camellia sinensis	Theaceae	leaf
Yerba mate	Ilex paraguariensis	Aquifoliaceae	leaf

Pseudocereals6

Verified taxa in Pseudocereals
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Common buckwheat	Fagopyrum esculentum	Polygonaceae	grain
Grain amaranth	Amaranthus cruentus	Amaranthaceae	grain, leaf
Love-lies-bleeding amaranth	Amaranthus caudatus	Amaranthaceae	grain, leaf
Prince's feather amaranth	Amaranthus hypochondriacus	Amaranthaceae	grain, leaf
Quinoa	Chenopodium quinoa	Amaranthaceae	grain
Tartary buckwheat	Fagopyrum tataricum	Polygonaceae	grain

Sugar crops3

Verified taxa in Sugar crops
Crop	Accepted name	Family	Harvested
Stevia	Stevia rebaudiana	Asteraceae	leaf
Sugar beet	Beta vulgaris Altissima Group	Amaranthaceae	root
Sugarcane	Saccharum officinarum	Poaceae	stalk

Why 107 of these have no page

A verified taxon is worth holding. A taxon plus a template is not worth publishing. These 107 have a checked identity and appear here, in search and in relationships — but no encyclopedia article has been written for them yet, and generating one from a name and a family would produce a page that says nothing a reader could not get from this table. When an article is written, the taxon gets a page.

The crops validator enforces this: it fails the build if a data-only taxon acquires a URL. Each one is assessed against the same publication standard as the articles that do have pages, and the assessment says what is missing — for almost all of them, the missing thing is simply that nobody has written the article yet.

Where the authorities disagree

Taxonomy is a living science and two authorities can read the same plant differently. Neither is a mistake, and resolving the difference silently would hide it from a reader comparing this corpus with either source.

Triticale×Triticosecale

A nothogenus, not a species. POWO holds ×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus as the accepted intergeneric hybrid of Triticum and Secale; WFO’s name matcher does not resolve the nothogenus, so only one authority speaks here. Naming any single ×Triticosecale species as "triticale" would be wrong: the crop is the cross, and commercial triticale spans several of them.

Brown mustardBrassica juncea

The authorities differ on the genus. World Flora Online places brown mustard in Brassica; Plants of the World Online places it in the nothogenus × Brassarda, as × Brassarda juncea, reflecting its origin as a cross between Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra. AgricultureID publishes Brassica juncea, which is the name used throughout agricultural, germplasm and regulatory systems, and records POWO’s reading here.

Emmer wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum

Only one authority resolved this name. Plants of the World Online gives Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum; World Flora Online returned no placement for it, so this identity rests on a single source rather than on agreement.

Turnip rapeBrassica rapa subsp. oleifera

Plants of the World Online resolves the name to the species Brassica rapa; World Flora Online keeps the oilseed subspecies, subsp. oleifera. AgricultureID publishes the subspecies, because Brassica rapa also covers turnip, pak choi and Chinese cabbage, and an oilseed record that named only the species would not distinguish the crop from a vegetable.

White yamDioscorea cayenensis subsp. rotundata

Both authorities place white yam as an infraspecific taxon under yellow yam, and they spell the species epithet differently — World Flora Online writes cayennensis, Plants of the World Online writes cayenensis. AgricultureID follows POWO’s spelling. The taxon is the same; only the orthography differs.

Yellow yamDioscorea cayenensis

Only one authority resolved this name. Plants of the World Online gives Dioscorea cayenensis; World Flora Online returned no placement for it, so this identity rests on a single source rather than on agreement.

Corn saladValeriana locusta

Only one authority resolved this name. Plants of the World Online gives Valeriana locusta; World Flora Online returned no placement for it, so this identity rests on a single source rather than on agreement.

Garden strawberryFragaria × ananassa

The garden strawberry is a hybrid of Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana, and both authorities carry the hybrid name. Plants of the World Online resolves it as Fragaria × ananassa; the corpus previously recorded the same name and the mark is retained because it is part of the identity. World Flora Online returns no placement for the hybrid, so this identity rests on one authority.

BlackberryRubus

"Rubus fruticosus" is an aggregate, not a species. Plants of the World Online resolves the name; World Flora Online returns no placement for it. Cultivated blackberries are complex hybrids drawn from many Rubus microspecies, and the genus is apomictic, so the species boundaries themselves are contested. Held as a complex rather than published under a species name the sources do not support.

Rabbiteye blueberryVaccinium virgatum

The authorities differ on this name. World Flora Online resolves it to Vaccinium corymbosum; Plants of the World Online resolves it to Vaccinium virgatum. Both readings are published because neither is a mistake, and the accepted name shown above is POWO’s, which states the rank explicitly.

PhaceliaPhacelia tanacetifolia

The authorities differ on this name. World Flora Online resolves it to Ramosissimae tanacetifolia; Plants of the World Online resolves it to Phacelia tanacetifolia. Both readings are published because neither is a mistake, and the accepted name shown above is POWO’s, which states the rank explicitly.